Physiotherapy plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of movement disorders in children, and thus in the prevention of pain in adulthood. Due to reduced physical activity and increased energy intake, the incidence of obesity, poor posture and other functional disorders is increasing in the child population. Up to 42% of children have poor posture detected during preventive examinations.

A pediatrician is often the first to notice problems and recommend a visit to a physiotherapist. During check-ups, the child's motor development is checked - in babies, it is monitored whether they turn around correctly, lift their head, etc. In older children, posture and correct movement are assessed.

Physiotherapy in the neonatal period

For high-risk, especially premature newborns, physiotherapy is essential. It helps to detect early whether the child is developing correctly, and if necessary, exercises can be started immediately – ideally within three months. Special methods are used that support the natural development of movement, such as the Vojta method. It is important to monitor how the child holds his body, how he moves and how he reacts – these signals can indicate whether everything is okay.

Physiotherapy in infancy and toddlerhood

During this period, physiotherapy focuses on addressing asymmetries, delays in the development of movement and uprighting, muscle tone disorders (hypotonia/hypertonia) and neuromuscular coordination. A common problem is, for example, a poorly developed hip joint (hip dysplasia).

The physiotherapy methods used include the Vojta method or the Bobath concept, which aim to support quality movement patterns - so that the child can turn, sit, climb or walk correctly. An essential part of the therapy is also educating parents about proper handling of the child, as home exercises play a key role in the effectiveness of the treatment.

Physiotherapy in preschool and school age

In preschool and school age, physiotherapy focuses primarily on poor posture, including scoliotic posture, or gait disorders (e.g., lower limb flexion, flat feet, etc.). Neuromuscular diseases also appear, which can manifest as delays in motor development (e.g., tripping, fatigue).

Arch formation is natural until the age of 5-6. Support with orthotic insoles is usually not necessary unless there is a deformity. Stimulation of the feet will help much more – for example, walking barefoot or exercising with massage balls.

The exercises are fun, in the form of games and movement. For example, balance aids, climbing, various types of stabilization exercises or special methodologies to strengthen the deep stabilization system are used. The active involvement of parents, who regularly exercise with their child at home, plays a key role. Attention should also be paid to everyday activities - sitting at school, sleeping position, choosing a school backpack, sports, shoes, etc.